Package com.esri.arcgis.geoprocessing.tools.spatialanalysttools

ArcGIS Spatial Analyst provides a rich set of tools to perform cell-based (raster) analysis.

See:
Description

Class Summary

Abs	Calculates the absolute value of the cells in a raster.
ACos	Calculates the inverse cosine of cells in a raster.
ACosH	Calculates the inverse hyperbolic cosine of cells in a raster.
Aggregate	Generates a reduced-resolution version of a raster.
AreaSolarRadiation	Derives incoming solar radiation from a raster surface.
ASin	Calculates the inverse sine of cells in a raster.
ASinH	Calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of cells in a raster.
Aspect	Derives aspect from a raster surface.
ATan	Calculates the inverse tangent of cells in a raster.
ATan2	Calculates the inverse tangent (based on x,y) of cells in a raster.
ATanH	Calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of cells in a raster.
BandCollectionStats	Calculates the statistics for a set of raster bands.
Basin	Creates a raster delineating all drainage basins.
BitwiseAnd	Performs a Bitwise And operation on the binary values of two input rasters.
BitwiseLeftShift	Performs a Bitwise Left Shift operation on the binary values of two input rasters.
BitwiseNot	Performs a Bitwise Not (complement) operation on the binary value of an input raster.
BitwiseOr	Performs a Bitwise Or operation on the binary values of two input rasters.
BitwiseRightShift	Performs a Bitwise Right Shift operation on the binary values of two input rasters.
BitwiseXOr	Performs a Bitwise eXclusive Or operation on the binary values of two input rasters.
BlockStatistics	Partitions the input into non-overlapping blocks and calculates the statistic of the values within each block.
BooleanAnd	Performs a Boolean And operation on the cell values of two input rasters.
BooleanNot	Performs a Boolean Not (complement) operation on the cell values of the input raster.
BooleanOr	Performs a Boolean Or operation on the cell values of two input rasters.
BooleanXOr	Performs a Boolean eXclusive Or operation on the cell values of two input rasters.
BoundaryClean	Smoothes the boundary between zones by expanding and shrinking it.
CellStatistics	Calculates a per-cell statistic from multiple rasters.
ClassProbability	Creates a multiband raster of probability bands, with one band being created for each class represented in the input signature file.
CombinatorialAnd	Performs a Combinatorial And operation on the cell values of two input rasters.
CombinatorialOr	Performs a Combinatorial Or operation on the cell values of two input rasters.
CombinatorialXOr	Performs a Combinatorial eXclusive Or operation on the cell values of two input rasters.
Combine	Combines multiple rasters so that a unique output value is assigned to each unique combination of input values.
ConTool	Performs a conditional if/else evaluation on each of the input cells of an input raster.
Contour	Creates a line feature class of contours (isolines) from a raster surface.
ContourList	Creates a feature class of selected contour values from a raster surface.
ContourWithBarriers	Creates contours from a raster surface.
Corridor	Calculates the sum of accumulative costs for two input accumulative cost rasters.
Cos	Calculates the cosine of cells in a raster.
CosH	Calculates the hyperbolic cosine of cells in a raster.
CostAllocation	Calculates for each cell its nearest source based on the least accumulative cost over a cost surface.
CostBackLink	Defines the neighbor that is the next cell on the least accumulative cost path to the nearest source.
CostDistance	Calculates the least accumulative cost distance for each cell to the nearest source over a cost surface.
CostPath	Calculates the least-cost path from a source to a destination.
CreateConstantRaster	Creates a raster of a constant value within the extent and cell size of the analysis window.
CreateNormalRaster	Creates a raster of random values with a normal (gaussian) distribution within the extent and cell size of the analysis window.
CreateRandomRaster	Creates a raster of random floating point values between 0.0 and 1.0 within the extent and cell size of the analysis window.
CreateSignatures	Creates an ASCII signature file of classes defined by input sample data and a set of raster bands.
Curvature	Calculates the curvature of a raster surface, optionally including profile and plan curvature.
CutFill	Calculates the volume change between two surfaces.
DarcyFlow	Calculates the groundwater volume balance residual and other outputs for steady flow in an aquifer.
DarcyVelocity	Calculates the groundwater seepage velocity vector (direction and magnitude) for steady flow in an aquifer.
Dendrogram	Constructs a tree diagram (dendrogram) showing attribute distances between sequentially merged classes in a signature file.
Diff	Determines which values from the first input are logically different from the values of the second input on a cell-by-cell basis.
Divide	Divides the values of two rasters on a cell-by-cell basis.
EditSignatures	Edits and updates a signature file by merging, renumbering, and deleting class signatures.
EqualTo	Performs a Relational equal-to operation on two inputs on a cell-by-cell basis.
EqualToFrequency	Evaluates on a cell-by-cell basis the number of times the values in a set of rasters are equal to another raster.
EucAllocation	Calculates, for each cell, the nearest source based on Euclidean distance.
EucDirection	Calculates, for each cell, the direction, in degrees, to the nearest source.
EucDistance	Calculates, for each cell, the Euclidean distance to the closest source.
Exp	Calculates the base e exponential of the cells in a raster.
Exp10	Calculates the base 10 exponential of the cells in a raster.
Exp2	Calculates the base 2 exponential of the cells in a raster.
Expand	Expands specified zones of a raster by a specified number of cells.
ExtractByAttributes	Extracts the cells of a raster based on a logical query.
ExtractByCircle	Extracts the cells of a raster based on a circle.
ExtractByMask	Extracts the cells of a raster that correspond to the areas defined by a mask.
ExtractByPoints	Extracts the cells of a raster based on a set of coordinate points.
ExtractByPolygon	Extracts the cells of a raster based on a polygon.
ExtractByRectangle	Extracts the cells of a raster based on a rectangle.
ExtractMultiValuesToPoints	Extracts cell values at locations specified in a point feature class from one or more rasters, and records the values to the attribute table of the point feature class.
ExtractValuesToPoints	Extracts the cell values of a raster based on a set of point features and records the values in the attribute table of an output feature class.
Fill	Fills sinks in a surface raster to remove small imperfections in the data.
Filter	Performs either a smoothing (Low pass) or edge-enhancing (High pass) filter on a raster.
Float	Converts each cell value of a raster into a floating-point representation.
FlowAccumulation	Creates a raster of accumulated flow into each cell.
FlowDirection	Creates a raster of flow direction from each cell to its steepest downslope neighbor.
FlowLength	Calculates the upstream or downstream distance, or weighted distance, along the flow path for each cell.
FocalFlow	Determines the flow of the values in the input raster within each cell's immediate neighborhood.
FocalStatistics	Calculates for each input cell location a statistic of the values within a specified neighborhood around it.
FuzzyMembership	Scales input raster data into values ranging from zero to one, indicating the strength of a membership in a set.
FuzzyOverlay	Combine fuzzy membership rasters data together, based on selected overlay type.
GreaterThan	Performs a Relational greater-than operation on two inputs on a cell-by-cell basis.
GreaterThanEqual	Performs a Relational greater-than-or-equal-to operation on two inputs on a cell-by-cell basis.
GreaterThanFrequency	Evaluates on a cell-by-cell basis the number of times a set of rasters is greater than another raster.
HighestPosition	Determines on a cell-by-cell basis the position of the raster with the maximum value in a set of rasters.
HillShade	Creates a shaded relief from a surface raster by considering the illumination source angle and shadows.
Idw	Interpolates a raster surface from points using an inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique.
InList	Determines which values from the first input are contained in a set of other inputs, on a cell-by-cell basis.
Int	Converts each cell value of a raster to an integer by truncation.
IsNull	Determines which values from the input raster are NoData on a cell-by-cell basis.
IsoCluster	Uses an isodata clustering algorithm to determine the characteristics of the natural groupings of cells in multidimensional attribute space and stores the results in an output ASCII signature file.
IsoClusterUnsupervisedClassification	Performs unsupervised classification on an input multiband raster using the Iso Cluster and Maximum Likelihood Classification tools.
KernelDensity	Calculates a magnitude per unit area from point or polyline features using a kernel function to fit a smoothly tapered surface to each point or polyline.
Kriging	Interpolates a raster surface from points using kriging.
LessThan	Performs a Relational less-than operation on two inputs on a cell-by-cell basis.
LessThanEqual	Performs a Relational less-than-or-equal-to operation on two inputs on a cell-by-cell basis.
LessThanFrequency	Evaluates on a cell-by-cell basis the number of times a set of rasters is less than another raster.
LineDensity	Calculates a magnitude per unit area from polyline features that fall within a radius around each cell.
LineStatistics	Calculates a statistic on the attributes of lines in a circular neighborhood around each output cell.
Ln	Calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of cells in a raster.
Log10	Calculates the base 10 logarithm of cells in a raster.
Log2	Calculates the base 2 logarithm of cells in a raster.
Lookup	Creates a new raster by looking up values found in another field in the table of the input raster.
LowestPosition	Determines on a cell-by-cell basis the position of the raster with the minimum value in a set of rasters.
MajorityFilter	Replaces cells in a raster based on the majority of their contiguous neighboring cells.
Minus	Subtracts the value of the second input raster from the value of the first input raster on a cell-by-cell basis.
MLClassify	Performs a maximum likelihood classification on a set of raster bands and creates a classified raster as output.
Mod	Finds the remainder (modulo) of the first raster when divided by the second raster on a cell-by-cell basis.
MultiOutputMapAlgebra	Runs an expression built with the Map Algebra language.
NaturalNeighbor	Interpolates a raster surface from points using a natural neighbor technique.
Negate	Changes the sign (multiplies by -1) of the cell values of the input raster on a cell-by-cell basis.
Nibble	Replaces cells of a raster corresponding to a mask with the values of the nearest neighbors.
NotEqual	Performs a Relational not-equal-to operation on two inputs on a cell-by-cell basis.
ObserverPoints	Identifies which observer points are visible from each raster surface location.
Over	For the cell values in the first input that are not 0, the output value will be that of the first input.
ParticleTrack	Calculates the path of a particle through a velocity field, returning an ASCII file of particle tracking data and, optionally, a coverage of track information.
PathAllocation	Calculates the nearest source for each cell based on the least accumulative cost over a cost surface, while accounting for surface distance and horizontal and vertical cost factors.
PathBackLink	Defines the neighbor that is the next cell on the least accumulative cost path to the nearest source, while accounting for surface distance and horizontal and vertical cost factors.
PathDistance	Calculates, for each cell, the least accumulative cost distance to the nearest source, while accounting for surface distance and horizontal and vertical cost factors.
Pick	Assigns output values using one of a list of rasters determined by the value of an input raster.
Plus	Adds (sums) the values of two rasters on a cell-by-cell basis.
PointDensity	Calculates a magnitude per unit area from point features that fall within a neighborhood around each cell.
PointsSolarRadiation	Derives incoming solar radiation for specific locations in a point feature class or location table.
PointStatistics	Calculates a statistic on the points in a neighborhood around each output cell.
Popularity	Determines the value in an argument list that is at a certain level of popularity on a cell-by-cell basis.
PorousPuff	Calculates the time-dependent, two-dimensional concentration distribution in mass per volume of a solute introduced instantaneously and at a discrete point into a vertically mixed aquifer.
Power	Raises the cell values in a raster to the power of the values found in another raster.
PrincipalComponents	Performs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on a set of raster bands and generates a single multiband raster as output.
Rank	The values from the set of input rasters are ranked on a cell-by-cell basis, and which of these gets returned is determined by the value of the rank input raster.
ReclassByASCIIFile	Reclassifies or changes the values of the input cells of a raster using an ASCII remap file.
ReclassByTable	Reclassifies or changes the values of the input cells of a raster using a remap table.
Reclassify	Reclassifies (or changes) the values in a raster.
RegionGroup	For each cell in the output, the identity of the connected region to which that cell belongs is recorded.
RoundDown	Returns the next lower whole number for each cell in a raster.
RoundUp	Returns the next higher whole number for each cell in a raster.
Sample	Creates a table that shows the values of cells from a raster, or set of rasters, for defined locations.
SetNull	Set Null sets identified cell locations to NoData based on a specified criteria.
Shrink	Shrinks the selected zones by a specified number of cells by replacing them with the value of the cell that is most frequent in its neighborhood.
Sin	Calculates the sine of cells in a raster.
SingleOutputMapAlgebra	Runs a single expression built with the Map Algebra language.
SinH	Calculates the hyperbolic sine of cells in a raster.
Sink	Creates a raster identifying all sinks or areas of internal drainage.
Slice	Slices or reclassifies the range of values of the input cells into zones of equal interval, equal area, or by natural breaks.
Slope	Identifies the slope (gradient, or rate of maximum change in z-value) from each cell of a raster surface.
SnapPourPoint	Snaps pour points to the cell of highest flow accumulation within a specified distance.
SolarRadiationGraphics	Derives raster representations of a hemispherical viewshed, sunmap, and skymap, which are used in the calculation of direct, diffuse, and global solar radiation.
Spline	Interpolates a raster surface from points using a two-dimensional minimum curvature spline technique.
SplineWithBarriers	Interpolates a raster surface, using barriers, from points using a minimum curvature spline technique.
Square	Calculates the square of the cell values in a raster.
SquareRoot	Calculates the square root of the cell values in a raster.
StreamLink	Assigns unique values to sections of a raster linear network between intersections.
StreamOrder	Assigns a numeric order to segments of a raster representing branches of a linear network.
StreamToFeature	Converts a raster representing a linear network to features representing the linear network.
TabulateArea	Calculates cross-tabulated areas between two datasets and outputs a table.
Tan	Calculates the tangent of cells in a raster.
TanH	Calculates the hyperbolic tangent of cells in a raster.
Test	Performs a Boolean evaluation of the input raster using a logical expression.
Thin	Thins rasterized linear features by reducing the number of cells representing the width of the features.
Times	Multiplies the values of two rasters on a cell-by-cell basis.
TopoToRaster	Interpolates a hydrologically correct raster raster surface from point, line, and polygon data.
TopoToRasterByFile	Interpolates a hydrologically correct raster surface from point, line, and polygon data using parameters specified in a file.
Trend	Interpolates a raster surface from points using a trend technique.
Viewshed	Determines the raster surface locations visible to a set of observer features.
Watershed	Determines the contributing area above a set of cells in a raster.
WeightedOverlay	Overlays several rasters using a common measurement scale and weights each according to its importance.
WeightedSum	Overlays several rasters, multiplying each by their given weight and summing them together.
ZonalFill	Fills zones using the minimum cell value from a weight raster along the zone boundary.
ZonalGeometry	Calculates for each zone in a dataset the specified geometry measure (area, perimeter, thickness, or the characteristics of ellipse).
ZonalGeometryAsTable	Calculates for each zone in a dataset the geometry measures (area, perimeter, thickness, and the characteristics of ellipse) and reports the results as a table.
ZonalHistogram	Creates a table and a histogram graph that shows the amount of cells of a Value input for each unique Zone.
ZonalStatistics	Calculates statistics on values of a raster within the zones of another dataset.
ZonalStatisticsAsTable	Summarizes the values of a raster within the zones of another dataset and reports the results to a table.

Package com.esri.arcgis.geoprocessing.tools.spatialanalysttools Description

ArcGIS Spatial Analyst provides a rich set of tools to perform cell-based (raster) analysis. Of the three main types of GIS data (raster, vector, and TIN), the raster data structure provides the most comprehensive modeling environment for spatial analysis.

Cell-based systems divide the world into discrete uniform units called cells, based on a grid structure. Each cell represents a certain specified portion of the earth, such as a square kilometer, hectare, or square meter. Cells are given values that correspond to the features or characteristics that are located at or describe the locations they represent, such as an elevation value, soil type, or residential classification. In a cell-based system, geographic location is not defined as an attribute but is inherent in the storage structure, known as the locational perspective.

The locational perspective allows ArcGIS Spatial Analyst to store continuous data—for example, elevation, oil concentration, and sound—more effectively. In continuous data, each location has a quantity, magnitude, or intensity assigned to it, and the values are relative to one another. The locational perspective also allows for greater diversity in spatial analysis for both discrete—for example, land use and vegetation type—and continuous data, which will become apparent in the wide variety of discussions accompanying each toolset.

The following table lists the available toolsets in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst and gives a brief description of each.

Name	Description
Conditional Toolset	The conditional tools allow for control of the output values based on conditions placed on the input values. The conditions that can be applied are either attribute queries or are based on the position of the conditional statement in a list. A simple attribute query might be, if a cell value is greater than five, multiply it by ten; otherwise, assign a value of one to the location.
Density Toolset	By calculating density, you spread point values over a surface. The magnitude at each sample location (line or point) is distributed throughout a landscape, and a density value is calculated for each cell in the output raster. For example, density analysis will take population counts assigned to town centers and distribute the people throughout the landscape more realistically.
Distance Toolset	There are two main ways to perform distance analysis in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst: Euclidean distance and cost distance. The Euclidean distance functions measure straight-line distance from each cell to the closest source (the source identifies the objects of interest, such as wells, roads, or a school). The cost distance functions (or cost weighted distance) modify Euclidean distance by equating distance as a cost factor, which is the cost to travel through any given cell. For example, it may be shorter to climb over the mountain to the destination, but it is faster to walk around it.
Extraction Toolset	The extraction tools allow you to extract a subset of cells by either the cells' attributes or their spatial location. Extracting cells by attribute is accomplished through a where clause. For example, your analysis may require an extraction of cells higher than 100 meters in elevation from an elevation raster. You can also extract by a specified shape. For example, you can extract all cells that fall inside, or outside, a specified circle, rectangle, or polygon.
Generalization Toolset	Sometimes a raster dataset contains data that is erroneous or irrelevant to the analysis at hand or is more detailed than you need. For instance, if a raster dataset was derived from the classification of a satellite image, it may contain many small and isolated areas that are misclassified. The generalization functions assist with identifying such areas and automate the assignment of more reliable values to the cells that make up the areas.
Groundwater Toolset	The groundwater tools can be used to perform rudimentary advection–dispersion modeling of constituents in groundwater.
Hydrology Toolset	Hydrology functions simulate the flow of water over an elevation surface and create either a stream network or a watershed.
Interpolation Toolset	Surface interpolation functions create a continuous (or prediction) surface from sampled point values. The continuous surface representation of a raster dataset represents height, concentration, or magnitude—for example, elevation, pollution, or noise. Surface interpolation functions make predictions from sample measurements for all locations in a raster dataset whether or not a measurement has been taken at the location.
Local Toolset	In a local function, the value at each location on the output raster is a function of the input values at the location. When computing a local function, you can combine the input rasters, calculate a statistic, or evaluate a criteria for each cell in an output raster based on the values of each cell from multiple input rasters. For example, you can find the mean precipitation for a ten-year period or find how many years the precipitation exceeded 0.5 meters.
Map Algebra Toolset	Map Algebra is the analysis language for ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. It is a simple syntax similar to algebraic syntax. For example, to create a slope map from an elevation surface, use the following command: outslope–slope(elevation). Most ArcGIS Spatial Analyst functions can be accessed through Map Algebra.
Math Toolset	ArcGIS Spatial Analyst provides a full suite of mathematical operators and functions. These operators and functions allow for the arithmetic combining of the values in multiple rasters, the mathematical manipulation of the values in a single input raster, the evaluation of multiple input rasters, or the evaluation and manipulation of values in the binary format.
Multivariate Toolset	Multivariate statistical analysis allows for the exploration of relationships between many different types of attributes. There are two main types of multivariate analysis available in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst: (1) supervised and unsupervised classification, and (2) principal component analysis (PCA). A third multivariate analysis, regression, is available in ArcGrid Workstation. Accompanying these analyses are a series of tools to evaluate each step in the analysis process. These tools can be used, for example, to predict the biomass (the dependent variable) at each location given the quantities of precipitation, soil type, aspect, and temperature (the independent variables).
Neighborhood Toolset	Neighborhood functions create output values for each cell location based on the value for the location and the values identified in a specified neighborhood. The neighborhood can be of two types: moving or search radius. Moving neighborhoods can be either overlapping or nonoverlapping. Overlapping neighborhood functions, also referred to as focal functions, generally calculate a specified statistic within the neighborhood. For example, you may want to find the mean or maximum value in a 3x3 neighborhood. The nonoverlapping neighborhood functions, or block functions, allow for statistics to be calculated in a specified nonoverlapping neighborhood. Search radius functions perform various calculations based on what is within a specified distance from point and linear features.
Overlay Toolset	A common spatial analysis query is to identify the suitability of each cell location relative to specific criteria. The criteria can be relative costs, preferences, or risks. Suitability models answer questions such as, Where is the best location to construct a house? What is the cheapest route to build a road? and Which areas should be conserved for deer habitat? The Weighted Overlay tool allows you to easily reclassify your data, weight the datasets, and combine them to create a suitability map.
Raster Creation Toolset	The raster creation functions create new rasters in which the output values are based on a constant or a statistical distribution. The Create Constant Raster tool creates an output raster of constant values within a specified map extent and cell size. The Create Normal Raster tool assigns values to an output raster so the values produce a normal distribution. The Create Random Raster (or Map Algebra Rand) tool randomly assigns values to cells on an output raster.
Reclass Toolset	Reclassifying your data simply means replacing input cell values with new output cell values. There are many reasons why you might want to reclassify your data. Some of the most common reasons are: (1) to replace values based on new information, (2) to group certain values together, (3) to reclassify values to a common scale (for example, for use in a suitability analysis or for creating a cost raster for use in the Cost Distance tool), and (4) to set specific values to NoData or to set NoData cells to a value. There are several approaches to reclassify your data: by individual values, by ranges, by intervals or area, or through an alternative value.
Solar Radiation Toolset	Using the solar radiation analysis tools, you can calculate incoming solar insolation (global, direct, and diffuse radiation) across a geographic area or for specific point locations. Using an input surface DEM, you can determine the amount of radiant energy that is received from the sun across a landscape for a given period of time.
Surface Toolset	With the surface analysis tools, you can gain information by producing a new dataset that identifies a specific pattern within an original dataset. Patterns that were not readily apparent in the original surface can be derived, such as contours, angle of slope, steepest downslope direction (aspect), shaded relief (hillshade), and viewshed.
Zonal Toolset	Zonal functions take a value raster as input and calculate a function or statistic using the value for each cell and all cells belonging to the same zone. The zonal functions are grouped by how the zones are specified: by a single input value raster or by a second zone raster. You can use the zonal tools to locate the number of endangered species (the value raster) within each parcel (the zone raster) or to find the area or perimeter of each zone in a raster.