The ArcXML Programmer's Reference Guide is your resource for understanding ArcXML. ArcXML is the communication protocol with the Spatial Server. While you may not need to directly use ArcXML to make requests to services, you should understand the basics of ArcXML. In addition, you will need to understand ArcXML
Whether you are new to ArcXML or you want to understand it better, a good place to start is Introduction to ArcXML. In addition to the introductory topic, the book Introduction to ArcXML also goes into depth on topics about map configuration files and many of the requests.
After you are familiar with ArcXML, you can get additional details about each element and its attributes in the reference part of the guide. If you are unfamiliar with the syntax conventions, you can review the ArcXML conventions page. After that, you can then start reviewing each element in detail. See the alphabetic list, which lists all the elements.
If you want to validate ArcXML, you can use the Data Type Definition (DTD) that comes with ArcIMS. For more information on the DTD, see the topic ArcXML DTD.
Finally, ArcIMS supports hundreds of coordinate systems. The ArcXML Programmer's Reference Guide lists all supported coordinate systems by projection ID and alphabetically. The following lists are available: